La Decisión núm. 2, del 29 de enero de 2024, del Tribunal Constitucional de Albania relativa al Protocolo italo-albanés sobre migración ilegal: ¿un acuerdo de naturaleza política?
En los últimos años, el flujo de solicitantes de asilo se ha convertido en un argumento político. Desde 2020, la Unión Europea, como institución, y algunos Estados miembros han intentado desarrollar políticas de asilo que tengan como objetivo exteriorizar el proceso de preselección de los solicitantes de asilo en terceros países no miembros de la Unión Europea. Basándose en este enfoque, en noviembre de 2023, el Gobierno italiano firmó un acuerdo con la parte albanesa que tiene como objetivo revisar un máximo de 3000 solicitudes de asilo en el territorio albanés. Tras revelar las partes principales de este Protocolo, este documento analiza si este acuerdo es un acuerdo internacional de naturaleza política. Este argumento se basa en dos razones principales. En primer lugar, cuatro de los nueve jueces constitucionales albaneses consideraron que este acuerdo era un acuerdo político y no un tratado internacional. En segundo lugar, aunque Albania forma parte del Protocolo núm. 16 del CEDH, el Tribunal Constitucional no solicitó un dictamen consultivo al TEDH. En conclusión, el Protocolo italo-albanés sobre la migración ilegal podría haber abierto la puerta a la legitimación del proceso de preselección de los solicitantes de asilo en terceros Estados no miembros de la Unión Europea.
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