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Tipos de partidos en la era de la política personalista

Gideon Rahat
Resumen

En las últimas décadas, las democracias en general y los partidos políticos en particular han experimentado una personalización política considerable. El equilibrio entre los políticos (uno o varios) y el equipo (el partido como una entidad colegiada) ha cambiado, y las tipologías existentes de partidos ya no resultan adecuadas para el análisis de la política democrática actual. Aunque se han propuesto algunos nuevos tipos de partidos personalistas, lo que falta es un intento sistemático de contrastarlos con las organizaciones colegiadas. Para subsanar esta laguna, el presente artículo propone una nueva clasificación de partidos políticos. La clasificación incluye cinco tipos ideales de partidos: dos tipos personalistas-descentralizados, que se refieren a colectivos de activistas autónomos o políticos individuales autónomos; un tipo colegiado, basado en la centralidad del equipo y en las autoridades colegiadas y la toma de decisiones colegiada; y dos tipos personalistas-centralizados, centrados en la figura de un político individual en su calidad de líder del partido o de un individuo específico que “posee” el partido.

Palabras clave:
partidos políticos, liderazgos, política personalista, democracias

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Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Rahat, G. (2025). Tipos de partidos en la era de la política personalista. Revista Mexicana De Derecho Electoral, 12(22), e20492. https://doi.org/10.22201/iij.24487910e.2025.22.20492
Biografía del autor/a

Gideon Rahat, Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén

Israelí. Doctor en Ciencia Política por la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén. Ocupa la Cátedra de la Familia Gersten en Ciencia Política de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén. Su investigación se centra en la política de reforma, las instituciones democráticas, los partidos políticos, la selección de candidaturas y liderazgos, y la personalización política.

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