Radical Republican Citizenship for a Mobile World
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Los migrantes, invariable e inevitablemente, experimentan dominación bajo los conceptos, categorías e instituciones centrados en el Estado-nación que estructuran nuestro pensamiento político. En respuesta, necesitamos construir nuevas formas de ciudadanía, incluidas formas de pertenencia locales, regionales, transnacionales y supranacionales, acompañadas de un poder político significativo y democrático. Este artículo examina modelos alternativos, históricos y actuales, de organización política como posibles opciones viables a la democracia liberal centrada en el Estado. Comienzo esta tarea evaluando estos modelos desde la teoría republicana radical que fundamenta la no dominación en la participación activa e igualitaria de las personas sujetas al poder.
Tengo tres grandes objetivos: primero, romper la dicotomía nativo-migrante para resaltar los puntos en común y buscar solidaridades entre los migrantes y otros grupos marginados y oprimidos, incluidos los grupos indígenas. Segundo, busco despertar la imaginación política. Muchas personas no creen que existan alternativas viables a la democracia liberal centradas en el Estado-nación. En respuesta, debemos llamar la atención sobre las formas en que la hegemonía del Estado-nación es frágil y está fragmentada, así como las formas en que la soberanía es compleja y disputada. Lo más importante es que debemos considerar modelos alternativos para inspirarnos.En tercer lugar, identificar herramientas para evaluar la conveniencia de alternativas para construir nuevas formas de ciudadanía.
En lo que sigue, primero expondré por qué el modelo dominante de organización política centrado en el Estado-nación es incapaz de hacer justicia en el mundo de hoy o, de hecho, de abordar los peligros colectivos que enfrenta la humanidad. A continuación, ofrezco un esbozo de una visión republicana radical que proporciona una guía normativa a nuestro pensamiento sobre las instituciones alternativas. Termino usando esta visión de República radical para reflexionar sobre las posibilidades de guiar los esfuerzos para rehacer el mundo.
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